Martín-Albaladejo, M., Martinón-Torres, M., García-González, R., Arsuaga, J. The earliest unequivocally modern humans in southern China. Middle Stone Age human fossils from Die Kelders Cave 1, Western Cape Province, South Africa. in Neanderthals Revisited: New Approaches and Perspectives (eds Hublin, J.-J. Middle Palaeolithic burial is not a dead issue: the view from Qafzeh, Saint-Césaire, Kebara, Amud, and Dederiyeh. Fungal manganese oxidation in a reduced soil. in Manganese in Soils and Plants (eds Graham, R. Termites and necrophagous insects associated with early Pleistocene (Gelasian) Australopithecus sediba at Malapa, South Africa. Les Sépultures Moustériennes (Editions de CNRS, 1993).īackwell, L., Huchet, J.-B., Jashashvili, T., Dirks, P. Physiologie Articulaire: Schémas Comment Mécanique Humaine Vol. Les Espaces Funéraires de l’Habitat Groupé des Ruelles à Serris du VIIe au XIe Siècles Seine et Marne, Île-de-France: Taphonomie du Squelette, Modes d’Inhumation, Organisation et Dynamique (Univ. Crouching in fear: terms of engagement for funerary remains. in Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains (eds Gowland, R. Neural networks differentiate between Middle and Later Stone Age lithic assemblages in eastern Africa. Reconstructing prehistoric African population structure. Reconstructing Asian faunal introductions to eastern Africa from multi-proxy biomolecular and archaeological datasets. Trajectories of cultural innovation from the Middle to Later Stone Age in Eastern Africa: personal ornaments, bone artifacts, and ocher from Panga ya Saidi, Kenya. 78,000-year-old record of Middle and Later stone age innovation in an East African tropical forest. Late Pleistocene to Holocene human palaeoecology in the tropical environments of coastal eastern Africa. in Death Rituals and Social Order in the Ancient World: Death Shall Have No Dominion (eds Renfrew, C. The Palaeolithic Origins of Human Burial (Routledge, 2011). The emergence of a symbolic behaviour: the sepulchral pit of Sima de los Huesos, Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain. Did our species evolve in subdivided populations across Africa, and why does it matter? Trends Ecol. Deciphering African late middle Pleistocene hominin diversity and the origin of our species. The revolution that wasn’t: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior. The PYS burial sheds light on how MSA populations interacted with the dead. The morphological assessment of the partial skeleton is consistent with its assignment to Homo sapiens, although the preservation of some primitive features in the dentition supports increasing evidence for non-gradual assembly of modern traits during the emergence of our species. The presence of little or no displacement of the unstable joints during decomposition points to an interment in a filled space (grave earth), making the PYS finding the oldest known human burial in Africa. Taphonomical evidence, such as the strict articulation or good anatomical association of the skeletal elements and histological evidence of putrefaction, support the in-place decomposition of the fresh body. Geochemical, granulometric and micromorphological analyses of the burial pit content and encasing archaeological layers indicate that the pit was deliberately excavated. Recent excavations have revealed a pit feature containing a child in a flexed position. Here we describe the partial skeleton of a roughly 2.5- to 3.0-year-old child dating to 78.3 ± 4.1 thousand years ago, which was recovered in the MSA layers of Panga ya Saidi (PYS), a cave site in the tropical upland coast of Kenya 7, 8. Human burials dated to the Middle Stone Age (MSA) are exceedingly rare in Africa and unknown in East Africa 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The origin and evolution of hominin mortuary practices are topics of intense interest and debate 1, 2, 3. Nature volume 593, pages 95–100 ( 2021) Cite this article
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